The world is facing a relentless series of crises, ranging from devastating natural disasters and protracted conflicts to ongoing public health emergencies. While immediate physical needs such as food, water, and shelter dominate the response, there is a growing recognition that something equally vital is often overlooked: mental health.
This year's World Mental Health Day (October 10) shed light on this critical issue, emphasizing the urgent need to support the psychological well-being of those affected by humanitarian emergencies. Conflicts, disasters, and health emergencies take a heavy toll on mental health.
“We are living through trying, testing times. Conflicts are multiplying, displacement is rising, and the climate crisis is striking with growing frequency and ferocity,” said UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in a message for World Mental Health Day.
“World Mental Health Day reminds us of the profound toll that crises take on people’s well-being, and the desperate need for support to heal suffering and ease distress,” he added.
Impact of humanitarian crises
The impact of these crises extends far beyond physical damage. Displacement tears families apart and shatters communities, turning fear and uncertainty into constant companions. It’s estimated that one in five people living in conflict zones experiences a mental health condition.
"Yet many cannot access the care they need – especially in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare systems are overstretched and under-resourced," Guterres said.
In reality, everyone impacted experiences some level of emotional distress. These invisible wounds can linger long after immediate dangers have passed, hindering recovery and undermining resilience.
In times of emergencies, people often experience severe mental distress that impairs the cognitive functions essential for survival. Access to timely mental health support can be a matter of life or death. Without it, the risks grow: suicide, self-harm, and harmful coping mechanisms become increasingly likely.
The scale of the problem is staggering. By the end of 2024, over 123 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide due to persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order. Many of these men, women, and children face multiple layers of trauma: the initial violence or disaster, perilous journeys to safety, and then the challenges of integration in often overburdened host countries. Access to mental health services is severely limited in many regions, leaving vulnerable populations without crucial support.
Why mental health matters in emergencies
Neglecting mental health needs is not only a humanitarian oversight, but also counterproductive. Providing psychological and social support alongside essential aid does more than just alleviate suffering — it saves lives. This support empowers individuals to cope with trauma, rebuild their communities, and move forward. Integrating mental health into emergency response systems strengthens them for the future.
“Mental health support is not optional — it is essential. It must be integrated into emergency responses, backed by significant investment, and delivered through trained frontline workers and evidence-based care,” the UN Secretary-General stressed in his message.
Africa faces unique challenges
While the mental health toll of emergencies is a global issue, certain regions face even more severe challenges. Nowhere is this more evident than in Africa. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the continent experiences over 100 major public health events each year, including Ebola, cholera, and measles outbreaks, as well as armed conflicts. These emergencies strain fragile health systems and trigger widespread psychological distress.
However, WHO reports that access to mental health services during these crises remains critically low. Between 2020 and 2025, only 11 out of 47 countries integrated mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) into their national disaster preparedness and risk reduction plans.
Only five countries implemented comprehensive mental health services at the primary care level, and just ten have dedicated budget lines for mental health. Government spending remains woefully inadequate, falling far short of what is needed to meet rising demand and build resilient systems.
Emergencies threaten more than just physical health. They leave lasting scars on mental well-being. Governments and aid agencies in Africa and beyond must ensure that mental health services are available before, during, and after disasters.
A multi-layered approach is key
A multi-layered approach — from self-help tools and psychological first aid to specialized mental health services — ensures accessible, efficient, and responsive support for all. Investing in evidence- and community-based interventions addresses immediate mental health needs, fosters long-term recovery, and empowers people and communities to rebuild their lives and thrive.
Integrating mental health and psychosocial support as a core component of emergency response saves lives and strengthens communities and health systems for the future. Addressing the unique challenges faced by vulnerable groups, including children, older adults, people with disabilities, refugees, and individuals living with mental health conditions, is also crucial.
Overcoming stigma, discrimination, language barriers, and financial constraints are essential steps toward inclusive support. People with significant mental health conditions must not be left without care and support. Continuity of care must be prioritized during and following any emergency.
Protecting those who help
A critical point that is often overlooked is the well-being of the humanitarian workers themselves. These individuals face immense stress and trauma while responding to crises. Aid organizations must prioritize their mental health by providing rest, supervision, peer support, and dedicated programs.
Make mental health a central pillar of humanitarian response
This World Mental Health Day called for a renewed commitment from governments, aid organizations, healthcare providers, and communities to make mental health a central pillar of humanitarian response. Integrating mental health services into humanitarian action in a sustainable way strengthens recovery, protects dignity, and supports community resilience.
“The chronic underfunding of mental health must end. On this Day, let us commit to supporting the mental health of all communities – including, and especially, when tragedy strikes”, Guterres said.