Famine refers to an extreme and widespread scarcity of food and nutrition that leads to severe hunger, malnutrition, and high mortality rates among a large population. It is the most severe form of food insecurity and is characterized by a combination of factors, including a significant decline in food production, limited access to food, and inadequate humanitarian response.
Famine results in a significant increase in mortality rates, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Deaths occur due to hunger, weakened immune systems, and related illnesses.
The classification of a situation as a famine is typically determined by internationally recognized indicators and assessments conducted by organizations such as the United Nations, government agencies, and specialized humanitarian bodies. These assessments consider a range of factors, including food security, nutrition, mortality rates, and other relevant data.
Famine represents an extreme and critical stage of food insecurity, demanding immediate action and attention to prevent further loss of life and to address the underlying causes of the crisis.