A humanitarian cluster, also known as a cluster system or cluster approach, is a coordination mechanism used in humanitarian action to ensure a well-coordinated and effective response to a humanitarian crisis or emergency. The cluster approach was established by the United Nations (UN) in 2005 as part of the humanitarian reform process to improve the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance.
A cluster is formed by a group of humanitarian organizations, both UN and non-UN entities, that work together to address a specific sector or area of response in an emergency. Clusters are designated by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and have clear responsibilities for coordination. Each cluster focuses on a different sector, such as health, nutrition, shelter, water and sanitation, education, logistics, or protection. The cluster system covers all the main sectors of humanitarian response.
The cluster system aims to improve coordination, enhance effectiveness, and streamline the delivery of humanitarian assistance in emergencies. It encourages collaboration among humanitarian actors, avoids duplication of efforts, and promotes a more efficient and targeted response to the needs of affected populations.
The cluster approach was applied for the first time following the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Since 2010 the cluster system was further refined and improved.